Study Guides for Astro 4-1 - Spr '24

I've gone through our text and my question bank and found the chapter and subsection within the book which contains the relevant material to answer that question. There are about 10 questions on a typical quiz, so you'll see below for each quiz a list of ~10 section titles, one line for each question. This is so amazingly helpful - Now you can really focus your studying time! In some cases, the relevant material is in two sections, separated by a "&. Sometimes a subsection is rich enough to have several of my questions drawn from it, so if you see the same subsection title more than once, that means more than one of my questions is drawn from that subsection. For most questions, the answer to the question is given explicitly in the section listed. But in some cases, the text doesn't address it well, or at all. So be sure to study the PowerPoints on that material as well. In some cases, the material spreads through the entire chapter, not a single section within that chapter. In other cases, the section contains all the basic facts, but you'll need to do some reasoning to deduce an answer not given explicitly. Again, consult the PowerPoints. So, like all good exams, there's a mix of easy, hard, factoid, and inductive reasoning questions. There's even a couple of extra credit questions floating around in my test bank. If you get one, there's no mark-off if you get it wrong, and you get a bonus if you get it right.

The textbook likes to title their subsections with a question. This is NOT the question I'll literally be asking you. That's a common, but wrong, assumption. Rather, this subsection has material which is most relevant to answering whatever question I do have. Again to be clear - the relevant subsection title name is NOT the literal question I will ask you!

Below, If you see lots of little black diamonds with white question marks inside of them, where you expected to see blanks, then the problem is probably with your browser. I had this issue. The solution is to make sure Firefox uses Western encoding by default. On the top line of your browser, click on "tools" and then navigate Tools > Options > Content : Fonts & Colors > Advanced > Fallback Character Encoding and then choose Western (ISO 8859-1). Then the black diamonds should go away.


 Quiz #1                                                                      
 ---------------------

  0.8   General Principles in the Design of a Scientific Test                
    &   3.4a  How can we distinguish science from nonscience?                
  0.3   The Real World                                                       
  0.3   The Real World 
                                                      
  0.8   General Principles in the Design of a Scientific Test                
  0.4   Scientific Method                                                    
  T     my online essay "On Teaching"                                        
  T     my online essay "On Teaching"                                         
L 3.3c  How did Galileo solidify the Copernican Revolution?                  
  3.3a  How did Copernicus, Tycho, Kepler challenge Earth-centered ideas?    

 Quiz #2                                                                      
 ---------------------

   S3.4a How do we test predictions of General Relativity?                    
R 4.4b  How does Newton's law of gravity extend Kepler's Laws?               
    &   4.1b  How is mass different from weight?                             
  4.5b  How does gravity cause tides?                                        
    &   3.3b  What are Kepler's 3 laws of motion?                            
R 4.4a  What determines the strength of gravity?                             
   4.5b  How does gravity cause tides?                                        
    &   4.4   The Universal Law of Gravitation                               
L 5.4b  How does light tell us what things are made of?                      
L 5.2a  What is light?                                                        
   5.2a  What is light?                                                       
   6.1b  How do we record images?                                             
   6.1b  How do we record images? 
                                             

 Quiz #3                                                                      
 ---------------------

  14.2c How do we know what is happening inside the sun?                     
  14.3a What causes solar activity?                                           
  14.3c How does solar activity vary with time?                              
  14.1b Why does the sun shine?                                              
  14.3a What causes solar activity?                                           
  15.2b What is the significance of the Main Sequence?                       
  15.1b How do we measure stellar temperatures?                              
  15.2b What is the significance of the Main Sequence?                        
  15.2b What is the significance of the Main Sequence?                       
  15.1a How do we measure stellar luminosities?                              
  15.1a How do we measure stellar luminosities?                              

 Quiz #4                                                                      
 ---------------------

  16.1a Where do stars form?                                                 
  15.3b How do we measure the age of a star cluster?                          
  16.3c What are the typical masses of newborn stars?                        
  17.2a What are the life stages of a low-mass star?                         
  17.2b How does a low-mass star die?                                        
  15.2b What is the significance of the Main Sequence?                       
  17.3b How do high-mass stars make the elements of life?                    
L 18.1b What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary?                  
  18.3a What is a black hole?                                                
  18.1b What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary?                  

 Quiz #5                                                                      
 ---------------------

  19.3a What clues to our galaxy's history do halo stars hold?               
  19.2b Where do stars tend to form in our galaxy?                           
  19.1b How do stars orbit in our galaxy                                     
  19.3b How did our galaxy form?                                              
  19.3b How did our galaxy form?                                             
    &   15.3a What are the two types of Star Clusters?                       
L 20.1  Islands of Stars                                                      
  20.1c How are galaxies grouped together?                                   
  21.3a What are quasars?                                                    
  21.2a Why do galaxies differ?                                               
  20.1b What are the 3 major types of galaxies?                              

 Quiz #6                                                                      
 ---------------------

  22.2d What might dark matter be made of?                                    
  22.3b What are the largest structures in the universe?                     
L 22.3b What are the largest structures in the universe?                     
  22.2b What is the evidence for dark matter in clusters?                     
  23.4a Why is the darkness of night evidence for the Big Bang?              
R 23.2a How do we observe the radiation from the Big Bang?                   
  23.3b How does inflation explain these aspects?                            
    &   20.3d How does expansion affect distance measurements?               
  23.3a What aspects were unexplained in original Big Bang theory?           
  23.2b How do elemental abundances support Big Bang theory?              
L 24    Life in the Universe



       Final Exam Study Guide

  0.7   Pseudo-Science                                                       
L 0.8   General Principles in the Design of a Scientific Test                
    &   3.4a  How can we distinguish science from nonscience?                
L 0.9   Occam's Razor                                                        
  0.1   Natural Selection & Development of Mind                               
  T     my online essay "On Teaching"                                        
  T     my online essay "On Teaching"                                        
  3.3b  What are Kepler's 3 laws of motion?                                  
  S3.1b Is all motion relative?                                              
R 4.5b  How does gravity cause tides?                                        
R 4.2b  What are Newton's three laws of motion?                              
    &   4.5a  How do gravity & energy allow us to understand orbits?         
L 4.4a  What determines the strength of gravity?                             
  5.4c  How does light tell us temperatures of planets, stars?               
L 5.3c  How is energy stored in atoms?                                        
  5.5a  How does light tell us the speed of a distant object?                
  6.3b  Why do we put telescopes in space?                                   
  14.3a What causes solar activity?                                           
L 14.3a What causes solar activity?                                          
  14.1c What is the Sun's structure?                                         
  14.1c What is the Sun's structure?                                          
    &   14.3a What causes solar activity?                                    
  15.2a What is the HR diagram?                                              
L 15.1c How do we measure stellar masses?                                    
  15.1c How do we measure stellar masses?                                    
  16.1a Where do stars form?                                                 
  16.2c How does nuclear fusion begin in a newborn star?                     
  17.1a How does a star's mass affect nuclear fusion                         
    &   17.3b How do high-mass stars make the elements of life?              
  17.2a What are the life stages of a low-mass star?                         
  17.2b How does a low-mass star die?                                         
  18.3b What would it be like to visit a black hole?                         
  18.1b What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary?                  
  18.2b How were neutron stars discovered?                                    
  19.2b Where do stars tend to form in our galaxy?                           
  19.3a What clues to our galaxy's history do halo stars hold?               
  19.1c How did we learn the structure of the Milky Way?                      
  19.3a What clues to our galaxy's history do halo stars hold?               
  20.2a How do we measure the distances to galaxies?                         
L 20    Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology                      
L 20    Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology                      
  21.3d How do quarars let us study gas between galaxies?                    
L 21.3  Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei                                   
  21.2a Why do galaxies differ?                                              
  21.2a Why do galaxies differ?                                              
    &   20.1c How are galaxies grouped together?                             
  22.2a What is the evidence for dark matter in galaxies?                    
L 22    Dark Matter, Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe                
L 22.4b Is the expansion of the universe accelerating?                       
  22.2b What is the evidence for dark matter in clusters?                    
  23.2a How do we observe the radiation from the Big Bang?                   
  23.3b How does inflation explain these aspects?                            
  23.2b How do elemental abundances support Big Bang theory?                  
    &   23.2b How do elemental abundances support Big Bang theory?           
  23.1b What is the history of the universe in Big Bang Theory?              
L 24    Life in the Universe