Despite worries about raging wildfires scorching the state in the news, we had perfect skies for both nights. Clean blue skies in the day, and deep black skies for telescope explorations at night. We had only 1 student at the pre-trip meeting who bowed out due to worries about smoke (which was indeed bad in Santa Cruz itself on the Friday morning Oct 13 when we left town.)
Here's Kirk's excellent photography page. I'll borrow a few of the best and combine with my own in the pictures below, as I find time.
Sunspot lecture, solar cycles, relation to solar luminosity changes. |
At the entrance to California Cavern, I gave my lecture on the fundamental, key work of Anton Vaks et al. (2013), using the temperature and deposition history of limestone speliothems in determing how, in the last interglacial maximum, it was temperatures at 1.5C above pre-industrial baseline that was the tipping point for the melt of ~all of the Arctic Permafrost, exposing its carbon to release to the atmospher and amplifying global warming.