Study Guides for Astro 4-1 - Spr '25

I've gone through our text and my question bank and found the chapter and subsection within the book which contains the relevant material to answer that question. There are about 10 questions on a typical quiz, so you'll see below for each quiz a list of ~10 section titles, one line for each question. This is so amazingly helpful - Now you can really focus your studying time! In some cases, the relevant material is in two sections, separated by a "&. Sometimes a subsection is rich enough to have several of my questions drawn from it, so if you see the same subsection title more than once, that means more than one of my questions is drawn from that subsection. For most questions, the answer to the question is given explicitly in the section listed. But in some cases, the text doesn't address it well, or at all. So be sure to study the PowerPoints on that material as well. In some cases, the material spreads through the entire chapter, not a single section within that chapter. In other cases, the section contains all the basic facts, but you'll need to do some reasoning to deduce an answer not given explicitly. Again, consult the PowerPoints. So, like all good exams, there's a mix of easy, hard, factoid, and inductive reasoning questions. There's even a couple of extra credit questions floating around in my test bank. If you get one, there's no mark-off if you get it wrong, and you get a bonus if you get it right.

The textbook likes to title their subsections with a question. This is NOT the literal verbatum question I'll be asking you. That's a common, but wrong, assumption. Rather, this subsection has material which is most relevant to answering whatever question I do have. Again to be clear - the relevant subsection title name is NOT the literal question I will ask you!

Below, If you see lots of little black diamonds with white question marks inside of them, where you expected to see blanks, then the problem is probably with your browser. I had this issue. The solution is to make sure Firefox uses Western encoding by default. On the top line of your browser, click on "tools" and then navigate Tools > Options > Content : Fonts & Colors > Advanced > Fallback Character Encoding and then choose Western (ISO 8859-1). Then the black diamonds should go away.


 Quiz #1     Chapter 0 - Science and Critical Thinking                                                                 
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L 0   Chapter 0: Science and Clear Thinking                                
0.1   Natural Selection & Development of Mind                              
0.8   General Principles in the Design of a Scientific Test                
&   3.4a  How can we distinguish science from nonscience?                
0.6   Characteristics of a good scientist                                  
&   3.5b  Does astrology have any scientific validity?                   
0.4   Scientific Method                                                 
  T     my online essay "On Teaching"                                        
  T     my online essay "On Teaching"     

3.3a  How did Copernicus, Tycho, Kepler challenge Earth-centered ideas?    
  3.3b  What are Kepler's 3 laws of motion?                                  

 Quiz #2  Gravity, Light/Matter, Instrumentation                                                                    
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   S3.1b Is all motion relative?                                              
  4.5b  How does gravity cause tides?                                        
R 4.2b  What are Newton's three laws of motion?                              
    &   4.5a  How do gravity & energy allow us to understand orbits?         
R 4.5b  How does gravity cause tides?                                        
L 4.2b  What are Newton's three laws of motion?                              
  5.4a  What are the three basic types of spectra?                           
  5.3c  How is energy stored in atoms?                                       
  5.5a  How does light tell us the speed of a distant object?                
  6.4a  How do we observe nonvisible light?                                
  6.1b  How do we record images?                                             

 Quiz #3 The Sun, Properties of Stars                                                                 
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 R 14.2a How does nuclear fusion occur in the Sun?                            
  14.1c What is the Sun's structure?                                         
    &   14.3a What causes solar activity?                                    
  14.1b Why does the sun shine?                                              
  14.2b How does the energy from fusion get out of the sun?                  
  14.1c What is the Sun's structure?                                         
  15.2a What is the HR diagram?                                              
  15.1b How do we measure stellar temperatures?                              
  15.2b What is the significance of the Main Sequence?                       
  15.1c How do we measure stellar masses?                                    
  15.1c How do we measure stellar masses?                                    

 Quiz #4 Star Formation, Stellar Evolution                                                                 
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   16.1a Where do stars form?                                                 
  16.1b Why do stars form?                                                   
  16.3b What is the greatest mass a newborn star can have?                   
  15.2b What is the significance of the Main Sequence?                       
  17.2a What are the life stages of a low-mass star?                         
  17.2a What are the life stages of a low-mass star?                         
  17.2b How does a low-mass star die?                                        
  18.3c Do black holes really exist?                                         
  18.3a What is a black hole?                                                
  18.1b What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary?             

 Quiz #5  The Milky Way Galaxy, Galaxy evolution                                                                    
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   19.1b How do stars orbit in our galaxy                                     
  19.3a What clues to our galaxy's history do halo stars hold?               
  19.2a How is gas recycled in our galaxy                                    
    &   16.1a Where do stars form?                                           
  19.1c How did we learn the structure of the Milky Way?                     
  19.3b How did our galaxy form?                                             
L 20    Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology                      
L 20.1  Islands of Stars                                                     
L 21.3  Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei                                   
R 21.3  Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei                                   

  21.2a Why do galaxies differ?                                              

 Quiz #6   Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Cosmology, Origin of the Universe(s)                                                                    
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   22.2b What is the evidence for dark matter in clusters?                    
  22.2d What might dark matter be made of?                                   
L 22    Dark Matter, Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe                
  22.2b What is the evidence for dark matter in clusters?                    
  23.2a How do we observe the radiation from the Big Bang?                   
  23.3a What aspects were unexplained in original Big Bang theory?           
  23.3b How does inflation explain these aspects?                            
    &   20.3d How does expansion affect distance measurements?               
  23.4a Why is the darkness of night evidence for the Big Bang?              
  23.2b How do elemental abundances support Big Bang theory?               
L 24    Life in the Universe                   
                              


       Final Exam Study Guide

  0.7   Pseudo-Science                                                       
  0.7   Pseudo-Science                                                       
    &   3.5b  Does astrology have any scientific validity?                   
L 0.8   General Principles in the Design of a Scientific Test                
    &   3.4a  How can we distinguish science from nonscience?                
  0.7   Pseudo-Science                                                       
  T     my online essay "On Teaching"                                        
  T     my online essay "On Teaching"                                        
  3.3b  What are Kepler's 3 laws of motion?                                  
  S2.3b Do the effects predicted by relativity really occur?                 
  4.4a  What determines the strength of gravity?                             
  4.5b  How does gravity cause tides?                                        
  4.5b  How does gravity cause tides?                                        
    &   3.3b  What are Kepler's 3 laws of motion?                            
  5.2a  What is light?                                                       
  5.5a  How does light tell us the speed of a distant object?                
L 5.4b  How does light tell us what things are made of?                      
  6.1b  How do we record images?                                             
L 14.3a What causes solar activity?                                          
  14.3c How does solar activity vary with time?                              
L 14.3a What causes solar activity?                                          
  14.1c What is the Sun's structure?                                         
  15.2b What is the significance of the Main Sequence?                       
L 15.1c How do we measure stellar masses?                                    
  15.2b What is the significance of the Main Sequence?                       
  15.3b How do we measure the age of a star cluster?                         
  16.1a Where do stars form?                                                 
  17.2b How does a low-mass star die?                                        
  17.1a How does a star's mass affect nuclear fusion                         
    &   17.3b How do high-mass stars make the elements of life?              
  17.3b How do high-mass stars make the elements of life?                    
  18.1b What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary?                  
L 18    The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard                                        
  18.1b What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary?                  
  19.2b Where do stars tend to form in our galaxy?                           
L 19.3a What clues to our galaxy's history do halo stars hold?               
  19.2b Where do stars tend to form in our galaxy?                           
  19.3a What clues to our galaxy's history do halo stars hold?               
  20.2a How do we measure the distances to galaxies?                         
  20.1c How are galaxies grouped together?                                   
  20.1b What are the 3 major types of galaxies?                              
  21.2a Why do galaxies differ?                                              
  21.3d How do quarars let us study gas between galaxies?                    
  21.3  Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei                                   
L 21    Galaxy Evolution                                                     
L 22.2d What might dark matter be made of?                                   
  22.2b What is the evidence for dark matter in clusters?                    
  22.3b What are the largest structures in the universe?                     
  22.2a What is the evidence for dark matter in galaxies?                    
  23.2a How do we observe the radiation from the Big Bang?                   
  23.1b What is the history of the universe in Big Bang Theory?              
  23.3b How does inflation explain these aspects?                            
  23.2b How do elemental abundances support Big Bang theory?                 
    &   23.2b How do elemental abundances support Big Bang theory?           
L 24    Life in the Universe